Interlaken, Switzerland

Geography and Location

Interlaken city is strategically positioned on the flat alluvial land known as Bödeli, wedged between two pristine lakes – Lake Thun to the west and Lake Brienz to the east.

The majestic Aare River flows gracefully through the town, connecting these two lakes and adding to the charm of the region.

To the south, Interlaken beckons adventurers towards the high mountains, including the famous Alpine peaks of Eiger, Mönch, and Jungfrau, accessible via the Lütschine River valley.

Modern Interlaken

Interlaken's transformation into an internationally renowned resort town began around the turn of the 19th century, thanks in part to the breathtaking landscapes captured by Swiss landscape artists like Franz Niklaus König.

The Unspunnenfest, a celebration of Swiss culture, held in 1805 and 1808, played a pivotal role in attracting tourists to Interlaken. The festival showcased Swiss traditions, drawing visitors from near and far.

Starting in the 1820s, tourists flocked to Interlaken seeking the healing properties of mountain air and spa treatments.

In response to the burgeoning tourism industry, the town opened the grand Kursaal in 1859, providing an elegant spa experience for visitors.

Excellent transportation links, including the opening of steamship routes along Lake Thun in 1835 and Lake Brienz in 1839, further facilitated tourism.

In 1872, the Bödelibahn railway connected Interlaken to Därligen on Lake Thun, and two years later, it extended to Bönigen on Lake Brienz.

This railway initially served as a link between the steamships on both lakes. However, in 1893, the Lake Thun railway line opened, providing a direct rail connection to Thun, which connected to Bern and other Swiss cities. In 1888, the Brünig railway opened, connecting Interlaken to Alpnachstad on Lake Lucerne and Brienz on Lake Brienz, offering travelers a seamless journey to Lucerne. By 1916, the Brünig railway had reached Interlaken from Brienz, providing a direct rail route to Lucerne

In 1890, the Berner Oberland railway established connections to the tourist destinations of Lauterbrunnen and Grindelwald.

As transport routes expanded, luxury hotels with panoramic views of the Jungfrau and surrounding mountains were constructed between 1860 and 1875 and later between 1890 and 1914. The current Kursaal, a symbol of Interlaken's history, was built in 1898-99 and remodeled in 1909–10.

Despite its emphasis on tourism, Interlaken maintained diverse industries, including a parquet factory from 1850 to 1935 and a wool weaving factory that opened in 1921.

In the late 20th century, a woolen thread and metal products factory opened in Interlaken. The town's connectivity received a boost in 1988 with the connection to the A8 motorway.

Topography

Interlaken is nestled at an elevation of 568 meters (1,864 feet) above sea level. Its unique position, cradled between Lake Brienz and Lake Thun, earned it the moniker "between lakes" (Interlaken). The Aare River gracefully meanders through the town, flowing from Lake Thun to Lake Brienz, though it does not traverse the municipality of Interlaken itself.

The municipality of Interlaken encompasses an area of 4.27 square kilometres (1.65 square miles). Of this land, 24.4% is allocated for agricultural purposes, 22.6% is covered by lush forests, and 47.2% is settled with buildings and roads. Rivers and lakes account for 7.0%, and unproductive land makes up 0.2% of the total area.

Within the built-up area, industrial buildings occupy 5.3%, while housing and other structures constitute 21.4%. Transportation infrastructure, including roads and railways, accounts for 16.0%. Parks, green belts, and sports fields make up an additional 4.0% of the area. Forested land is divided into heavily forested (20.9%) and orchards or small clusters of trees (1.6%). Agricultural land is used for both crop cultivation (6.5%) and pastures (16.3%).

Interlaken is blessed with flowing water, with all the water in the municipality being sourced from flowing rivers and streams.

Climate

Interlaken enjoys a mild warm summer humid continental climate, classified as Köppen climate type Dfb, when the 0°C (32.0°F) isotherm is used. However, if we consider the -3°C (26.6°F) isotherm, the climate leans towards a temperate oceanic classification, known as Köppen climate type Cfb. This region experiences relatively mild temperature variations between highs and lows throughout the year, with consistent rainfall throughout the seasons.

Government

The Municipal Council (Gemeinderat) serves as the executive government of Interlaken, operating as a collegial authority. Comprising seven councillors (Gemeinderat/-rätin), each responsible for a specific portfolio (Ressort), the Municipal Council is presided over by the councillor holding the executive portfolio, who also assumes the role of Gemeindepräsident. In the current legislative period from 2021 to 2024, Philippe Ritschard serves as the Gemeindepräsident.

The Municipal Council is responsible for departmental tasks, coordination measures, and the implementation of laws decreed by the Grand Municipal Council. Members of the Municipal Council are elected by eligible Swiss residents of Interlaken through a system of Proporz. The president is also elected publicly through a system of Mayorz, while the heads of other portfolios are assigned within the collegial body.

As of January 2021, Interlaken's Municipal Council consists of three members from FDP (The Liberals), one of whom also holds the position of mayor, and two members each from SP (Social Democratic Party) and SVP (Swiss People's Party). The last regular election, known as Landsgemeinde, took place on September 27 and November 1, 2020, with a voter turnout of 67% and 49.4%, respectively.

Economy

Interlaken is categorized as a tourist community, and it serves as the central hub of the Interlaken agglomeration. In 2014, the municipality provided employment to a total of 6,939 individuals. The primary sector employed 12 people across five businesses, while the secondary sector had 804 workers distributed among 100 separate businesses. The tertiary sector, encompassing services, accommodated the largest portion of the workforce, offering 6,123 jobs through 724 businesses. In 2019, approximately 4.2% of the population received social assistance.

In 2015, local hotels welcomed a total of 710,116 overnight stays, with 82.2% of those attributed to international visitors. The municipality hosted approximately 27 hotels with 1,599 rooms in 2017.

The economy of Interlaken is closely tied to tourism, with roughly a quarter of all jobs in the town associated with hotels or restaurants. The vibrant tourism industry caters to a diverse range of visitors, from luxury travellers seeking opulent accommodations to backpackers looking for budget-friendly options. Interlaken offers guided services for various adventure activities, including skydiving, canyoning, hang gliding, paragliding, and skiing, making it a thrilling destination for outdoor enthusiasts.

Education

The education system in Interlaken follows the canton of Bern's model, offering one year of non-mandatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. After primary education, students move on to three years of obligatory lower Secondary school, where they are separated based on their abilities and aptitude. Subsequently, students have the option to pursue further education or enter apprenticeships.

In the 2009-10 school year, Interlaken hosted a total of 667 students across different educational levels. The municipality accommodated four kindergarten classes with 72 students, of which 36.1% were non-citizens and 47.2% had a different mother tongue. The primary school system had 15 classes with 275 students, among whom 33.8% were non-citizens, and 43.1% had a different mother tongue. For lower secondary education, there were 16 classes with 301 students, including 17.6% non-citizens and 18.3% with a different mother tongue. In 2000, 450 students in Interlaken commuted from other municipalities for education, while 78 residents attended schools outside the town.

Interlaken's Bödeli-Bibliothek library, as of 2008, housed 22,043 books and media, and it loaned out 114,730 items that year. The library operated for a total of 292 days, with an average of 21 hours per week.

Transportation

Interlaken boasts excellent transportation connectivity, making it a gateway to Switzerland's natural wonders. The town is served by two railway stations: Interlaken Ost and Interlaken West. The BLS AG's Thunersee line provides direct services from both stations to Spiez, Thun, Bern, and other Swiss destinations.

Additionally, these stations offer international connections, with TGV trains to Paris and ICE trains to Frankfurt and Berlin. For travelers holding a Eurail Global Pass, Interlaken becomes an important destination as it connects multiple countries via direct trains.

Interlaken Ost serves as the terminus for the Zentralbahn's Brünig line, which connects the town to Brienz, Meiringen, and Luzern (Luzern-Interlaken Express).

Luzern Interlaken Express

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This line offers onward connections to north-eastern Switzerland. The Berner Oberland railway also departs from Interlaken Ost, providing the first leg of mountain railway routes into the Jungfrau region.

Notably, it connects travelers to the Jungfraujoch, Europe's highest railway-accessible point at 3,454 meters (11,332 feet) above sea level.

Boat services operate on both Lake Thun and Lake Brienz, connecting Interlaken to various lakeside towns. The quay for Lake Thun boats is located adjacent to Interlaken West, connected to Lake Thun by the Interlaken ship canal. Meanwhile, Lake Brienz boats depart from a quay on the Aare near Interlaken Ost.

Interlaken enjoys excellent road connectivity through the A8 motorway, which links the town to Thun and Lucerne. From there, travelers can access other Swiss motorways and explore the entire country. Local roads trace the banks of Lake Thun and Lake Brienz to the east and west, respectively, as well as follow the Lütschine River valley south into the Jungfrau region. However, direct road access across the Jungfrau mountains to the canton of Valais in the south is not available. The nearest such connections are the Grimsel Pass to the east or the Lötschberg rail tunnel to the west.

Within the immediate vicinity, funicular railways such as the Harder bahn for Harder Kulm and the Heimwehfluh bahn offer transportation to nearby vantage points. Regional and local bus services are also available, connecting Interlaken with nearby towns and attractions.

Generally, tourists prefer opting for a Swiss Travel Pass as it gives access to unlimited travel on bus, boat, and train across Switzerland.

Swiss Travel Pass

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Culture and Attractions

Interlaken's cultural scene thrives on its rich Swiss heritage, combining elements from both German-speaking and French-speaking regions of Switzerland. Visitors can experience this unique fusion through various aspects of the town's culture, including its architecture, cuisine, and festivals.

Architecture

The architecture in Interlaken is a harmonious blend of traditional Swiss chalets and Belle Époque-style buildings from the late 19th century. Wander through the charming streets, and you'll encounter beautiful houses adorned with intricately carved wooden facades and colorful flower boxes. The Kursaal, originally constructed in 1859 and later renovated in 1909-10, stands as an architectural marvel, reflecting the grandeur of the past. The town's churches, such as the neo-Gothic Schlosskirche, add to the architectural diversity.

Cuisine

Swiss cuisine is famous for its cheese and chocolate, and Interlaken does not disappoint. Visitors can indulge in delectable Swiss dishes, including fondue, raclette, and rösti, at local restaurants and eateries. The town's charming cafes offer a cozy ambiance to savor Swiss chocolates and pastries while taking in the stunning views of the surrounding mountains.

Adventure Sports

Interlaken's reputation as the "Adventure Capital of Switzerland" is well-deserved, thanks to its wide range of thrilling activities set against the backdrop of stunning landscapes. Outdoor enthusiasts can engage in activities like paragliding, skydiving, bungee jumping, and canyoning. The town also serves as an ideal base for winter sports enthusiasts, with world-class ski resorts within easy reach.

Thrill-seekers flock to the town for activities such as paragliding, skydiving, and bungee jumping. The surrounding mountains offer excellent opportunities for hiking, mountaineering, and skiing during the winter months. Canyoning, a sport that involves navigating canyons with waterfalls, is another popular adventure activity.

Grindelwald First is one of the most visited adventure attraction for tourists in the country.

Natural Beauty

Undoubtedly, one of Interlaken's most significant attractions is its natural beauty. The town's strategic location between Lake Thun and Lake Brienz provides numerous opportunities for water-based activities, from boating and swimming to lakeside picnics. Surrounded by the imposing Eiger, Mönch, and Jungfrau mountains, visitors can explore hiking trails, take scenic train rides, or venture to the Jungfraujoch – the "Top of Europe."

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Natural Attractions

Interlaken's natural beauty is awe-inspiring. The crystal-clear waters of Lake Thun and Lake Brienz, surrounded by the towering Alps, create a stunning backdrop for the town. These lakes provide not only breathtaking views but also a plethora of water-based activities such as boating, fishing, and swimming. The lush green meadows and forests that envelope Interlaken offer numerous hiking trails, where visitors can immerse themselves in the tranquility of the Swiss countryside.

The Jungfrau region, including the iconic Eiger, Mönch, and Jungfrau peaks, is a short journey away. Visitors can take a scenic train ride to the Jungfraujoch, known as the "Top of Europe," and witness breathtaking vistas of glaciers, ice caves, and towering peaks.

Cultural Attractions

Interlaken's cultural offerings are diverse and rich. The town's architecture, with its traditional Swiss chalets and Belle Époque-style buildings, provides a charming backdrop for leisurely strolls. Visitors can explore historic churches like the neo-Gothic Schlosskirche and immerse themselves in the local culture by indulging in Swiss cuisine at restaurants and cafes.

Festivals and events, such as the Unspunnenfest and the Trucker & Country Festival Interlaken, showcase Swiss traditions, music, and cuisine. These events offer visitors a chance to immerse themselves in the local culture and experience the warm hospitality of the Swiss people.

Accommodation

Interlaken offers a wide range of accommodation options to cater to the needs of its diverse visitors. Whether you're a luxury traveler seeking opulent hotels with panoramic mountain views or a budget-conscious backpacker looking for affordable hostels, Interlaken has something for everyone.

Luxury hotels in Interlaken offer world-class amenities, including spa facilities, gourmet restaurants, and stunning vistas of the Jungfrau region. Mid-range hotels and charming boutique accommodations provide comfortable stays with a touch of Swiss hospitality. Hostels and budget hotels offer affordable lodging options for backpackers and travelers on a budget.

Interlaken also offers a wide of range of Swiss apartments for rent.

Apartments

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Transportation Hub

Interlaken's excellent transportation connectivity makes it a convenient starting point for exploring Switzerland. The town is served by two railway stations – Interlaken Ost and Interlaken West – offering direct train services to major Swiss cities like Bern, Zurich, and Lucerne. International travelers can also access Interlaken via high-speed trains such as the TGV and ICE.

Boat services operate on Lake Thun and Lake Brienz, providing scenic cruises and transportation to lakeside towns. The A8 motorway connects Interlaken to Thun and Lucerne, offering easy access to other Swiss motorways and regions.

Notable Landmarks and Attractions

Interlaken is home to several notable landmarks and attractions that captivate visitors with their natural beauty and cultural significance.

Jungfraujoch – Top of Europe

A visit to Interlaken is incomplete without a trip to the Jungfraujoch, often referred to as the "Top of Europe." This high-altitude saddle in the Bernese Alps is accessible via a scenic train ride. Visitors can witness breathtaking views of snow-capped peaks, expansive glaciers, and ice caves. The Jungfraujoch also features attractions like the Ice Palace and the Sphinx Observatory, offering an unforgettable experience in the heart of the Swiss Alps.

Jungfrau

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Harder Kulm

For panoramic views of Interlaken and its surroundings, a visit to Harder Kulm is a must. Accessible via the Harderbahn funicular railway, this vantage point offers stunning vistas of the town, Lake Thun, and Lake Brienz. The observation deck provides a picturesque backdrop for photos and moments of awe as you take in the breathtaking scenery.

Harder Kulm

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Schynige Platte

Schynige Platte, another popular vantage point, can be reached by a cogwheel railway journey from Wilderswil, a short distance from Interlaken. This alpine garden offers a stunning display of Swiss flora and breathtaking views of the Eiger, Mönch, and Jungfrau peaks. Hiking trails and a botanical garden add to the allure of this natural attraction.

Lake Thun and Lake Brienz

Interlaken's prime location between Lake Thun and Lake Brienz makes these two lakes easily accessible. Visitors can enjoy leisurely boat rides on the crystal-clear waters, swim in the refreshing lakes, or simply relax on the shores, taking in the serene ambiance and picturesque landscapes. The lakes also provide opportunities for fishing and water sports.

Hohematte Park

Hohematte Park is a vast, open green space in the center of Interlaken. It offers a peaceful retreat for picnics, leisurely walks, and outdoor activities. Surrounded by trees and flowers, this park is an ideal place to enjoy a sunny day while admiring the surrounding mountains.

St. Beatus Caves

Located near Lake Thun, the St. Beatus Caves are a fascinating natural wonder. These limestone caves, accessible by guided tours, feature stunning stalactites and stalagmites formations. According to legend, a dragon once inhabited these caves, and the story of St. Beatus, who vanquished the dragon, adds an element of intrigue to the visit.

Interlaken, with its breathtaking natural beauty, rich cultural heritage, and thrilling adventure opportunities, stands as a jewel in the Swiss Alps. Nestled between Lake Thun and Lake Brienz, this picturesque town has evolved from its roots as a health resort to become a globally recognized tourist destination. Whether you're captivated by the majestic Jungfrau region, seeking adrenaline-pumping adventures, or simply yearning for a tranquil retreat, Interlaken offers an unforgettable experience that embodies the very essence of Switzerland's natural splendor and warm hospitality. As you explore the charming streets, savor Swiss cuisine, and partake in local festivities, you'll discover that Interlaken truly lives up to its name as the town "between lakes" – a place where nature, culture, and adventure converge to create cherished memories for every traveler.